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Published Research

  1. Whyte J, Bergin M, Giacino JT. Disorders of Consciousness. In: Silver J, McAllister T, Arciniegas D. (eds). Textbook of Traumatic Brain Injury (3rd Edition). Arlington:American Psychiatric Association; in press.

  2. Brown AW, Pretz CR, Bell KR, Hammond FM, Arciniegas DB, Bodien YG, Dams-O’Connor K, Giacino JT, Hart T, Johnson-Greene D, Kowalski RG, Walker WC, Weintraub A, Zafonte R. Predictive utility of an adapted Marshall head CT classification scheme after traumatic brain injury. Brain Injury. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2019.1566970. Epub 2019 Jan 19. PubMed

  3. Iazeva EG, Legostaeva LA, Zimin AA, Sergeev DV, Domashenko MA, Samorukov VY, Yusupova DG, Ryabinkina JV, Suponeva NA, Piradov MA, Bodien YG, Giacino JT. A Russian validation study of the Coma Recovery Scale- Revised (CRS-R). Brain Inj. doi: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1539248. Epub 2018 Nov 2. PubMed

  4. Seabury SA, Gaudette É, Goldman DP, Markowitz AJ, Brooks J, McCrea MA, Okonkwo DO, Manley GT; and the TRACK-TBI Investigators, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Boase K, Bodien Y, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dikmen S, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson A, Foreman B, Gardner R, Giacino J, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Korley F, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Levin H, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Mukherjee P, Nelson L, Noel F, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Robertson C, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Sherer M, Stein M, Taylor S, Temkin N, Toga A, Valadka A, Vassar M, Vespa P, Wang K, Yue J, Yuh E, Zafonte R. Assessment of follow-up care after emergency department presentation for mild traumatic brain injury and concussion: results from the TRACK-TBI study. JAMA Netw Open. 2018; 1(1):e180210. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.0210. PubMed

  5. Giacino JT, Katz DI, Schiff ND, Whyte J, Ashman E, Ashwal S, Barbano RL, Hammond F, Laureys S, Ling GSF, Nakase-Richardson R, Seel RT, Yablon SA, Getchius TG, Gronseth G, Armstrong MJ. Practice guideline recommendations summary: Disorders of consciousness, Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research. Published online on August 8, 2018 in Neurology DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005926 and in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.001. PubMed

  6. Giacino JT, Katz DI, Schiff ND, Whyte J, Ashman E, Ashwal S, Barbano RL, Hammond F, Laureys S, Ling GSF, Nakase-Richardson R, Seel RT, Yablon SA, Getchius TG, Gronseth G, Armstrong MJ. Comprehensive systematic review update summary: Disorders of consciousness Report of the Guideline Development, Dissemination, and Implementation Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology; the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine; and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living and Rehabilitation Research. Published online on August 8, 2018 in Neurology DOI 10.1212/WNL.0000000000005928 and in Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2018.07.002. PubMed

  7. Bodien Y, McCrea M, Dikmen S, Temkin N, Boase K, Machamer J, Taylor S, Sherer M, Levin H, Kramer J, Corrigan JD, McAllister TW, Whyte J, Manley GT, Giacino, JT, and the TRACK-TBI Investigators. Optimizing the validity of outcome assessment in multicenter TBI trials: Perspectives from TRACK TBI and the TBI Endpoints Development Initiative. J Head Trauma Rehabil, 2018 Jan 30. [Epub ahead of print]. PubMed

  8. Hammond FM, Giacino JT, Nakase Richardson R, Sherer M, Zafonte RD, Whyte J, Arciniegas DB, Tang X. Disorders of Consciousness due to traumatic brain injury: Functional status ten years post-injury. Journal of Neurotrauma; Accepted Sept 3, 2018. PMCID pending. PubMed

  9. Threlkeld ZD, Bodien YG, Rosenthal ES, Giacino JT, Nieto-Castanon A, Wu O, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Edlow BL. Functional networks reemerge during recovery of consciousness after acute severe traumatic brain injury. Cortex 2018 Sep;106:299-308. doi: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.05.004. Epub 2018 May 12. ScienceDirect

  10. Chatelle C, Hauger S, Martial C, Becker F, Eifert B, Boering D, Giacino JT, Laureys S, Lovstad M, Maurer-Karattup P. Assessment of nociception and pain in patients in an unresponsive or minimally conscious state after acquired brain injury: the relationship between the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised and the Nociception Coma Scale-Revised. Arch of Phys Med Rehabil; 2018 Sep;99(9):1755-1762. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.03.009. Epub 2018 Apr 10. PubMed

  11. Dams-O’Connor K, Sy KT, Landau A, Bodien Y, Dikmen S, Felix ER, Giacino JT, Gibbons L, Hammond FM, Hart T, Johnson-Greene D, Lengenfelder J, Lequerica A, Newman J, Novack T, O’Neil-Pirozzi TM, Whiteneck G. The feasibility of telephone-administered cognitive testing in individuals 1 and 2 years after inpatient rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2018;35(10):1138-1145; Published Online:15 May 2018, https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2017.5347. PubMed

  12. Erler, KS, Juengst, SB, Whiteneck, GG, Locascio, JJ, Bogner, JA, Kaminski, J, & Giacino, JT. The association of rehospitalization with participation 5 years after traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2018 Mar 29. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000386. [Epub ahead of print] Pubmed 

  13. Erler, K.S., Bogner, J.A., Juengst, S.B., Kaminski, J., O’Neill-Pirozzi T, Smith D, Novack T, Whiteneck, G.G., Giacino, JT. Examining driving and participation 5 years after traumatic brain injury. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health. 2018 Jul;38(3):143-150. doi: 10.1177/1539449218757739. Epub 2018 Feb 19. PubMed

  14. Bodien YG, Taylor SR, Giacino JT. Clinical management of the minimally conscious state. Traumatic Brain Injury: Rehabilitation, Treatment, and Case Management, Fourth Edition Eds. Ashley MA and Hovda DJ. CRC Press 2017 181-197.

  15. Maas AIR, Menon DK, Adelson PD, Andelic N, Bell MJ, Belli A, Bragge P, Brazinova A, Büki A, Chesnut RM, Citerio G, Coburn M, Cooper DJ, Crowder AT, Czeiter E, Czosnyka M, Diaz-Arrastia R, Dreier JP, Duhaime AC, Ercole A, van Essen TA, Feigin VL, Gao G, Giacino JT, Gonzalez-Lara LE, Gruen RL, Gupta D, Hartings JA, Hill S, Jiang JY, Ketharanathan N, Kompanje EJO, Lanyon L, Laureys S, Lecky F, Levin H, Lingsma HF, Maegele M, Majdan M, Manley G, Marsteller J, Mascia L, McFadyen C, Mondello S, Newcombe V, Palotie A, Parizel PM, Peul W, Piercy J, Polinder S, Puybasset L, Rasmussen TE, Rossaint R, Smielewski P, Söderberg J, Stanworth SJ, Stein MB, von Steinbüchel N, Stewart W, Steyerberg EW, Stocchetti N, Synnot A, Te Ao B, Tenovuo O, Theadom A, Tibboel D, Videtta W, Wang KKW, Williams WH, Wilson L, Yaffe K; InTBIR Participants and Investigators. Traumatic brain injury: integrated approaches to improve prevention, clinical care, and research. Lancet Neurol 2017 Dec;16(12):987-1048. PMID: 29122524. PubMed

  16. Bodien YB, Giacino JT, Edlow BL. Functional MRI motor imagery tasks to detect command following in traumatic disorders of consciousness. Frontiers in Neurology 2017. Dec 18;8:688. eCollection 2017. PubMed

  17. Erler, KS, Whiteneck, GG, Juengst, SB, Locascio, JJ, Bogner, JA, Kaminski, J, & Giacino, JT. Predicting the trajectory of participation after traumatic brain injury: A longitudinal analysis. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2018 Jul/Aug;33(4):257-265. doi: 10.1097/HTR.0000000000000383. PubMed

  18. Nelson L, Ranson J, Ferguson A, Giacino J, Okonkwo D, Valadka A, Manley G, McCrea M. Validating multidimensional outcome assessment using the TBI Common Data Elements: An analysis of the TRACK-TBI pilot sample. J Neurotrauma. 2017; 34(22):3158-3172. PubMed

  19. Edlow BL, Chatelle C, Spencer CA, Chu CJ, Bodien YG, O’Connor KL, Hirschberg RE, Hochberg LR, Giacino JT, Rosenthal ES**, Wu O**.  Early detection of consciousness in patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury. Brain. 2017;140(9):2399-2414. Oxford Academic

  20. Schnakers C, Edlow B, Chatelle C, Giacino JT. The Minimally Conscious State: Clinical Features, Pathophysiology and Therapeutic Implications. In: Laureys SL, Tononi G, Gosseries O (eds.). The Neurology of Consciousness: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuropathology (2nd edition). Philadephia: Elsevier; 2016. p. 167-186.

  21. Bodien Y, Giacino JT. Challenges and pitfalls associated with diagnostic and prognostic applications of functional neuroimaging in disorders of consciousness. Open Neuroimag J 2016; May 13;10:23-31. doi: 10.21741874440001610010023. eCollection 2016. PubMed

  22. Cochrane T, Truog R, Giacino JT. Life support, suicide, and euthanasia in disorders of consciousness. AJOB Neurosci 2016;7(1):1-2.

  23. Philippus A, Mellick D, O'Neil-Pirozzi T, Berquist T, Bodien Y, Sander A, Dreer L, Giacino J, Novack T. Impact of religious attendance on psychosocial outcomes for individuals with traumatic brain injury: A NIDILRR funded TBI Model Systems study. Brain Injury 2016;30(13-14):1605-1611. PubMed

  24. Fisher L, Pedrelli P, Iverson I, Berquist T, Bombardier C, Hammond F, Hart T, Ketchum J, Giacino J, Zafonte R. Prevalence of Suicidal Behavior Following Traumatic Brain Injury: 20 Year Follow-Up Data from the NIDRR Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems. Brain Injury 2016;30(11):1311-1318. PubMed

  25. Chatelle C, Bodien Y, Carlowicz C, Wannez S, Charland-Verville V, Gosseries O, Laureys S, Seel R, Giacino J. Detection and interpretation of impossible and improbable Coma Recovery Scale-Revised scores. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016;97(8):1295-1300. PubMed

  26. Bodien Y, Carlowicz C, Chatelle C, Giacino J. Sensitivity and Specificity of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised Total Score in Detection of Conscious Awareness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016;97(3):490-492. PubMed

  27. Rosenbaum AM, Giacino JT. Clinical Management of the Minimally Conscious State. In: Salazar A and Grafman J (Eds.). Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 3rd Edinburgh: Elsevier, 2015. p. 395-410. PubMed

  28. McDonnell E, Giacino JT, Kolakowsky-Hayner S. A brief overview of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised- Update from the COMBI. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2015; 30(2):143–145. PubMed

  29. Hauger S, Schnakers C, Andersson S, Becker F, Moberget T, Giacino J, Schanke AK, Løvegetative statetad Neurophysiological indicators of residual cognitive capacity in the minimally conscious state. Behav Neurol2015:145913. doi: 10.1155/2015/145913. PubMed

  30. Wu X, Zou Q, Hu J, Tang W, Mao Y, Gao L, Zhu J, Jin Y, Wu X, Lu L, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng-Dai Z, Gao J, Weng X, Zhou L, Northoff G, Giacino J, He Y, and Yang Y. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Patterns Predict Consciousness Level and Recovery Outcome in Acquired Brain Injury. J Neuroscience 2015;35(37):12932- PubMed

  31. Qin P, Wu X, Duncan N, Bao W, Tang W, Zhang Z, Hu J, Jin J, Wu X, Gao L, Lu L, Guan Y, Bodien Y, Giacino J, Mao Y, Northoff GABAA receptor deficits predict recovery in patients with disorders of consciousness: A preliminary multimodal [11C]Flumazenil PET and fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 2015;36(10):3867-3877. PubMed

  32. Smart C, Giacino JT. Exploring caregivers' knowledge of and receptivity toward novel diagnostic tests and treatments for persons with post-traumatic disorders of consciousness. Neurorehabilitation 2015;37(1):117–130. PubMed

  33. Estraneo A, Moretta P, Cardinale V, Detanti A, Gatta G, Giacino J, Trojano L. A multicentre study of intentional behavioural responses measured using the Coma Recovery Scale–Revised in patients with minimally conscious state. Clin Rehabil 2015;29(8):803-808. PubMed

  34. Schnakers C, Giacino J, Lovstad M, Habbal D, Boly M, Di H, Majerus S, Laureys S. Preserved covert cognition in non-communicative patients with severe brain injury. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015;29(4):308-317. PubMed

  35. Estraneo A, Moretta P, DeTanti A, Gatta G, Giacino J, Trojano L. An Italian multicenter validation study of the Coma Recovery Scale – Revised. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2015;51(5):627-634. PubMed

  36. Gerrard P, Zafonte R, Giacino J. The Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: Evidentiary Support for Hierarchical Grading of Level of Consciousness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2014;95(12):2335-2341. PubMed

  37. Schnakers C, Bessou H, Rubi-Fessen I, Hartmann A, Fink GR, Meister I, Giacino JT, Laureys S, Majerus S. Impact of Aphasia on Consciousness Assessment: A Cross-Sectional Study. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2015;29(1):41-47.PubMed

  38. Giacino JT, Carter C, Charney C, Ambrosi, Doiron M, Herman S, Young T. A Systematic and Evidence-Based Approach to Clinical Management of Patients with Disorders of Consciousness. In: Barr B (ed) Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Traumatic Brain Injury. New York: Springer, 2014. p. 139-156.

  39. Sherer M, Giacino JT, Doiron M, LaRussa A, Taylor S. Bedside Evaluations. In: Barr B (ed) Handbook on the Neuropsychology of Traumatic Brain Injury. New York: Springer, 2014. p. 49-76.

  40. Giacino J, Fins J, Laureys S, Schiff N. Disorders of consciousness: The state of the science. Nat Rev Neurol 2014;10(2):99-114. PubMed

  41. Guller Y, Giacino J. Potential applications of concurrent transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging in acquired brain injury and disorders of consciousness. Brain Injury 2014;29(9):1190-1196. PubMed

  42. Cunningham C, Chen W, Shorten A, McClurkin M, Choezom T, Schmidt CP, Chu V, Bozik A, Best C, Chapman M, Furman M, Detyniecki K, Joseph T. Giacino JT, Blumenfeld H. Impaired consciousness in partial seizures is bimodally distributed. Neurology 2014;82(19):1736-1744. PubMed

  43. Lovstad M, Andelic N, Knoph R, Jerstad T, Anke A, Skandsen T, Hauger SL, Giacino J, Roe C, Schanke A,K. Rate of disorders of consciousness in a prospective population-based study of adults with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 2014;29(5):E31-43. PubMed

  44. Whyte J, Giacino JT. Disorders of consciousness. In: Arciniegas DB, Zasler N, Vanderploeg R, Jaffee M (Eds.). Management of Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Publishing, 2013. P. 103-130.

  45. Giacino JT, Katz D, Garber K, BA, Schiff N. Assessment and Rehabilitative Management of Individuals with Disorders of Consciousness. In: Zasler ND, Katz DI, Zafonte RD, editors. Brain Injury Medicine: Principles and Practice- 2nd New York: Demos Medical Publishing, 2013. p. 517-535.

  46. Giacino JT, Katz DI, Whyte J. Neurorehabilitation in Disorders of Consciousness. Semin Neurol 2013; 33(2): 142-156. PubMed

  47. Edlow BL, Giacino JT (co-first author), Hirschberg RE, Gerrard J, Kinney HC, Wu O, Hochberg LR. Unexpected Recovery of Function after Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: The Limits of Early Neuroimaging-Based Outcome Prediction. Neurocrit Care 2013;19(3):364-375. PubMed

  48. Hicks R, Giacino JT, Harrison-Felix C, Manley G, Valadka A, Wilde EA. Progress in developing common Data Elements for Traumatic Brain Injury Research: Version 2 – The End of the Beginning. J Neurotrauma 2013;30(22):1852-1861. PubMed

  49. Edlow BL, Giacino JT, Wu O. Functional MRI and outcome in traumatic Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2013;13(9):375. PubMed

  50. Whyte J, Nordenbo A, Kalmar K, Merges B, Bagiella E, Chang H, Yablon S, Cho S, Hammond F, Khademi A, Giacino JT. Medical Complications During Inpatient Rehabilitation Among Patients with Traumatic Disorders of Consciousness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013;94(10):1877-1883. PubMed

  51. Nakase-Richardson R, Tran J, M.D., Cifu D, Barnett SD, Horn LH, Greenwald BD, Brunner R, Whyte J, Hammond FM, Yablon SA, Giacino JT. Do rehospitalization rates differ among injury severity levels in the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Program? Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013;94(10):1884-1890. PubMed

  52. Whyte JW, Nakase-Richardson R, Hammond FM, McNamee S, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Greenwald B, Yablon SA, Horn LJ. Functional outcomes in traumatic disorders of consciousness: 5-year outcomes from the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2013;94(10):1855-1860. PubMed

  53. Bauerschmidt A, Koshkelashvili N, Ezeani CC, Yoo JY, Zhang Y, Manganas LN, Kailash K, Palenzuela D, Schmidt CC, Lief R, Kiely B, Choezom T, McClurkin M, Shorten A, Detyniecki K, Hirsch LJ, Giacino JT. Prospective assessment of ictal behavior using the revised Responsiveness in Epilepsy Scale (RES-II). Epilepsy & Behavior 2013;26(1):25-28. PubMed

  54. Giacino J, Fins JJ, Machado A, Schiff ND. Central thalamic deep brain stimulation to promote recovery from chronic posttraumatic minimally conscious state: challenges and opportunities. Neuromodulation. 2012 Jul; 15(4):339-49. PMID: 22624587. PubMed

  55. Malec JF, Hammond FM, Giacino JT, Whyte J, Wright J. Structured interview to improve the reliability and psychometric integrity of the Disability Rating Scale. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2012 Sep; 93(9):1603-8. PMID: 22510680. PubMed

  56. Giacino JT, Whyte J, Bagiella E, Kalmar K, Childs N, Khademi A, Eifert B, Long D, Katz DI, Cho S, Yablon SA, Luther M, Hammond FM, Nordenbo A, Novak P, Mercer W, Maurer-Karattup P, Sherer M. Placebo-controlled trial of amantadine for severe traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med. 2012 Mar 01; 366(9):819-26. PMID: 22375973. PubMed

  57. Hirschberg R, Giacino JT. The vegetative and minimally conscious states: diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Neurol Clin. 2011 Nov; 29(4):773-86. PMID: 22032660. PubMed

  58. Nakase-Richardson R, Whyte J, Giacino JT, Pavawalla S, Barnett SD, Yablon SA, Sherer M, Kalmar K, Hammond FM, Greenwald B, Horn LJ, Seel R, McCarthy M, Tran J, Walker WC. Longitudinal outcome of patients with disordered consciousness in the NIDRR TBI Model Systems Programs. J Neurotrauma. 2012 Jan 01; 29(1):59-65. PMID: 21663544. PubMed

  59. Seel RT, Sherer M, Whyte J, Katz DI, Giacino JT, Rosenbaum AM, Hammond FM, Kalmar K, Pape TL, Zafonte R, Biester RC, Kaelin D, Kean J, Zasler N. Assessment scales for disorders of consciousness: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice and research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Dec; 91(12):1795-813. PMID: 21112421. PubMed

  60. Wilde EA, Whiteneck GG, Bogner J, Bushnik T, Cifu DX, Dikmen S, French L, Giacino JT, Hart T, Malec JF, Millis SR, Novack TA, Sherer M, Tulsky DS, Vanderploeg RD, von Steinbuechel N. Recommendations for the use of common outcome measures in traumatic brain injury research. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2010 Nov; 91(11):1650-1660.e17. PMID: 21044708. PubMed

  61. Rodriguez Moreno D, Schiff ND, Giacino J, Kalmar K, Hirsch J. A network approach to assessing cognition in disorders of consciousness. Neurology. 2010 Nov 23; 75(21):1871-8. PMID: 20980667; PMCID: PMC2995384. PubMed

  62. Løvstad M, Frøslie KF, Giacino JT, Skandsen T, Anke A, Schanke AK. Reliability and diagnostic characteristics of the JFK coma recovery scale-revised: exploring the influence of rater’s level of experience. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2010 Sep-Oct; 25(5):349-56. PMID: 20142758. PubMed

  63. Schnakers C, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Giacino J, Ventura M, Boly M, Majerus S, Moonen G, Laureys S. Diagnostic accuracy of the vegetative and minimally conscious state: clinical consensus versus standardized neurobehavioral assessment. BMC Neurol. 2009 Jul 21; 9:35. PMID: 19622138; PMCID: PMC2718857. PubMed

  64. Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Fins JJ. Deep brain stimulation, neuroethics, and the minimally conscious state: moving beyond proof of principle. Arch Neurol. 2009 Jun; 66(6):697-702. PMID: 19506129. PubMed

  65. Whyte J, Gosseries O, Chervoneva I, DiPasquale MC, Giacino J, Kalmar K, Katz DI, Novak P, Long D, Childs N, Mercer W, Maurer P, Eifert B. Predictors of short-term outcome in brain-injured patients with disorders of consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2009; 177:63-72. PMID: 19818895. PubMed

  66. Giacino JT, Schnakers C, Rodriguez-Moreno D, Kalmar K, Schiff N, Hirsch J. Behavioral assessment in patients with disorders of consciousness: gold standard or fool’s gold? Prog Brain Res. 2009; 177:33-48. PMID: 19818893. PubMed

  67. Schnakers C, Majerus S, Giacino J, Vanhaudenhuyse A, Bruno MA, Boly M, Moonen G, Damas P, Lambermont B, Lamy M, Damas F, Ventura M, Laureys S. A French validation study of the Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R). Brain Inj. 2008 Sep; 22(10):786-92. PMID: 18787989. PubMed

  68. Vanhaudenhuyse A, Giacino J, Schnakers C, Kalmar K, Smart C, Bruno MA, Gosseries O, Moonen G, Laureys S. Blink to visual threat does not herald consciousness in the vegetative state. Neurology. 2008 Oct 21; 71(17):1374-5. PMID: 18716237. PubMed

  69. Smart CM, Giacino JT, Cullen T, Moreno DR, Hirsch J, Schiff ND, Gizzi M. A case of locked-in syndrome complicated by central deafness. Nat Clin Pract Neurol. 2008 Aug; 4(8):448-53. PMID: 18506168. PubMed

  70. Kalmar K, Novack TA, Nakase-Richardson R, Sherer M, Frol AB, Gordon WA, Hanks RA, Giacino JT, Ricker JH. Feasibility of a brief neuropsychologic test battery during acute inpatient rehabilitation after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 May; 89(5):942-9. PMID: 18452744. PubMed

  71. Hanks RA, Millis SR, Ricker JH, Giacino JT, Nakese-Richardson R, Frol AB, Novack TA, Kalmar K, Sherer M, Gordon WA. The predictive validity of a brief inpatient neuropsychologic battery for persons with traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008 May; 89(5):950-7. PMID: 18452745. PubMed

  72. Giacino JT, Malone R. The vegetative and minimally conscious states. Handb Clin Neurol. 2008; 90:99-111. PMID: 18631819. PubMed
  73. Giacino JT, Smart CM. Recent advances in behavioral assessment of individuals with disorders of consciousness. Curr Opin Neurol. 2007 Dec; 20(6):614-9. PMID: 17992078. PubMed

  74. Fins JJ, Master MG, Gerber LM, Giacino JT. The minimally conscious state: a diagnosis in search of an epidemiology. Arch Neurol. 2007 Oct; 64(10):1400-5. PMID: 17923624. PubMed

  75. Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Victor JD, Baker K, Gerber M, Fritz B, Eisenberg B, Biondi T, O’Connor J, Kobylarz EJ, Farris S, Machado A, McCagg C, Plum F, Fins JJ, Rezai AR. Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature. 2007 Aug 02; 448(7153):600-3. PMID: 17671503. PubMed

  76. Schnakers C, Giacino J, Kalmar K, Piret S, Lopez E, Boly M, Malone R, Laureys S. Does the FOUR score correctly diagnose the vegetative and minimally conscious states? Ann Neurol. 2006 Dec; 60(6):744-5; author reply 745. PMID: 16847951. PubMed

  77. Giacino JT, Hirsch J, Schiff N, Laureys S. Functional neuroimaging applications for assessment and rehabilitation planning in patients with disorders of consciousness. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Dec; 87(12 Suppl 2):S67-76. PMID: 17140882. PubMed

  78. Laureys S, Giacino JT, Schiff ND, Schabus M, Owen AM. How should functional imaging of patients with disorders of consciousness contribute to their clinical rehabilitation needs? Curr Opin Neurol. 2006 Dec; 19(6):520-7. PMID: 17102688; PMCID: PMC2858870. PubMed

  79. Voss HU, Ulug AM, Dyke JP, Watts R, Kobylarz EJ, McCandliss BD, Heier LA, Beattie BJ, Hamacher KA, Vallabhajosula S, Goldsmith SJ, Ballon D, Giacino JT, Schiff ND. Possible axonal regrowth in late recovery from the minimally conscious state. J Clin Invest. 2006 Jul; 116(7):2005-11. PMID: 16823492; PMCID: PMC1483160. PubMed

  80. Cicerone KD, Dahlberg C, Malec JF, Langenbahn DM, Felicetti T, Kneipp S, Ellmo W, Kalmar K, Giacino JT, Harley JP, Laatsch L, Morse PA, Catanese J. Evidence-based cognitive rehabilitation: updated review of the literature from 1998 through 2002. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Aug; 86(8):1681-92. PMID: 16084827. PubMed

  81. Giacino JT, Kalmar K. Diagnostic and prognostic guidelines for the vegetative and minimally conscious states. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2005 Jul-Sep; 15(3-4):166-74. PMID: 16350959. PubMed

  82. Kalmar K, Giacino JT. The JFK Coma Recovery Scale–Revised. Neuropsychol Rehabil. 2005 Jul-Sep; 15(3-4):454-60. PMID: 16350986. PubMed

  83. Moussouttas M, Giacino J, Papamitsakis N. Amnestic syndrome of the subcallosal artery: a novel infarct syndrome. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2005; 19(6):410-4. PMID: 15925871. PubMed

  84. Whyte J, Katz D, Long D, DiPasquale MC, Polansky M, Kalmar K, Giacino J, Childs N, Mercer W, Novak P, Maurer P, Eifert B. Predictors of outcome in prolonged posttraumatic disorders of consciousness and assessment of medication effects: A multicenter study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2005 Mar; 86(3):453-62. PMID: 15759228. PubMed

  85. Schiff ND, Rodriguez-Moreno D, Kamal A, Kim KH, Giacino JT, Plum F, Hirsch J. fMRI reveals large-scale network activation in minimally conscious patients. Neurology. 2005 Feb 08; 64(3):514-23. PMID: 15699384. PubMed

  86. Giacino JT. The minimally conscious state: defining the borders of consciousness. Prog Brain Res. 2005; 150:381-95. PMID: 16186037. PubMed

  87. Giacino J, Whyte J. The vegetative and minimally conscious states: current knowledge and remaining questions. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 2005 Jan-Feb; 20(1):30-50. PMID: 15668569. PubMed

  88. Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Whyte J. The JFK Coma Recovery Scale-Revised: measurement characteristics and diagnostic utility. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2004 Dec; 85(12):2020-9. PMID: 15605342. PubMed

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