| • | Memory testing sessions |
| • | A one-time MRI (brain imaging) session |
| • | A short outpatient memory rehabilitation program |
| • | You must have had a TBI at least 12 months ago. |
| • | You must have been at least 20 at the time of your TBI. |
| • | You must be fluent in English. |
| • | You must be right-handed. |
| • | An image of the brain by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be used to identify the region involved in function of the affected hand and/or arm. Patients must not have any conditions which could interfere with magnetic resonance imaging (such as a pacemaker or other metallic material in the body or anxiety in enclosed or tight spaces). |
| • | Patients will be randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups. Both treatment groups will participate in six weeks of intensive rehabilitative therapy. |
| • | Patients randomized to the study arm will undergo two surgeries. In the first surgery, a neurosurgeon will place an electrode on the layer covering the brain (the dura) over the area identified in the fMRI scan. The electrode will be connected to a pulse generator (similar to a pacemaker) implanted below the collarbone. Stimulation will be below the level of sensation (or movement) and will be administered during rehabilitation sessions only. The second surgery will be performed to remove the system approximately eight weeks after conclusion of the rehabilitation period. |
| • | Participation in the research study will last for approximately 33 weeks after randomization to a treatment group. In addition to the six weeks of rehabilitation activities, participation will also require several visits to the study center for assessments following rehabilitation. |
| • | Patients must be at least 21 years old. |
| • | Patients must have had a stroke four months ago or longer. |
| • | Patients must have weakness in one hand and/or arm. |